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Article History

Received: 1 October 2023

Accepted: 18 December 2023

First Online: 4 January 2024

Declarations

:

: The protocol was approved and endorsed by the local institutional review boards (code): Asian Hospital and Medical Center, Muntinlupa City (2020-010-A); Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center, Baguio City (BGHMC-ERC-2020–13); Cagayan Valley Medical Center, Tuguegarao City (2020–314-01 SJREB); Capitol Medical Center, Quezon City; Cardinal Santos Medical Center, San Juan City (CSMC REC 2020–020); Chong Hua Hospital, Cebu City (IRB 2420–04); De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Cavite (2020–23-02-A); Dr. Jose N. Rodriguez Memorial and Sanitarium Hospital, Caloocan City (2020–314-01 SJREB); East Avenue Medical Center, Quezon City (EAMC IERB 2020-38); Jose B. Lingad Memorial Regional Hospital, City of San Fernando, Pampanga (2020–314-01 SJREB); Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila (2020–314-01 SJREB); Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City (LCP-CT-010–2020); Makati Medical Center, Makati City (MMC IRB 2020–054); Manila Doctors Hospital, Manila (MDH IRB 2020–006); Medical Center Manila, Manila (MMERC 2020–09); Northern Mindanao Medical Center, Cagayan de Oro City (025–2020); Quirino Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City (QMMC REB GCS 2020–28); Ospital ng Makati, Makati City (2020–314-01 SJREB); Philippine General Hospital, Manila (2020–314-01 SJREB); Philippine Heart Center, Quezon City (2020–314-01 SJREB); Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City (RITM IRB 2020–16); San Lazaro Hospital, Manila (2020–314-01 SJREB); San Juan De Dios Educational Foundation Inc. Hospital, Pasay City (SJRIB 2020–0006); Single Joint Research Ethics Board of the DOH, Philippines (SJREB-2020–24); Southern Isabela Medical Center, Santiago City (2020–03); Southern Philippines Medical Center, Davao City (P20062001); St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City (SL-20116); St. Luke’s Medical Center, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig City (SL-20116); The Medical City, Pasig City; University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila (UST-REC-2020–04-071-MD); University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Inc., Quezon City (0835/E/2020/063); Veterans Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City (VMMC-2020–025), and Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center, Cebu City (VSMMC-REC-O-2020–048).

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and adhered to the Philippine National Ethical Guidelines for Health and Health-related Research 2017. Acquiring informed consent was waived by all the institutional review boards since the design was a retrospective cohort study employing medical chart review and the data obtained for this study were completely anonymized.

: Not applicable as the manuscript does not contain any data from any individual person.

: The authors declare no competing interests.