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Article History

Received: 19 August 2023

Accepted: 14 February 2024

First Online: 20 February 2024

Declarations

:

: Written informed consent was obtained from all patients enrolled in this study or their next of kin difficult to obtain consent from patients at the time of ICU admission (e.g., patients under sedation or those with impaired consciousness). The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University (Osaka, Japan). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.