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Article History

Received: 14 August 2024

Accepted: 9 December 2024

First Online: 3 January 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Egypt (Approval. No. 320PM15), a committee affiliated with a governmental academic institution, and in accordance with national ethical guidelines and regulations established by the Egyptian authorities including Research Ethics Committee-Ministry of Health and Populations (REC-MoHP). This committee waived the need for informed consent as the study does not involve human participants or animals. Clinical isolates included in this study were obtained anonymously from the microbiology laboratory of Damanhur Medical National Institute. No patient data were exposed, and neither diagnoses nor treatments were altered. Regarding sewage water samples, the collection was anonymous, and no permissions or licenses were required. The study was approved by the REC mentioned above, which are fully aligned with national ethical guidelines and regulations established by the Egyptian authorities including Research Ethics Committee-Ministry of Health and Populations (REC-MoHP).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.