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Authors
Maleki, Zahra https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6919-9239
Hassanzadeh, Jafar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1055-1418
Ghaem, Haleh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9564-392X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran (1401-4-25-25666)
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2024
Accepted: 19 December 2024
First Online: 17 January 2025
Declarations
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: The Ethics Committee approved this study at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR.SUMS.SCHEANUT.REC.1401.053).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Tobacco: Tobacco includes tobacco smoking, chewing tobacco use, and secondhand smoke exposure.Smoking: Smoking is defined as current daily or occasional use of any smoked tobacco product.Secondhand smoke: This risk factor refers to current exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke at home, at work, or in other public places. Only non-daily smokers are considered to be exposed to secondhand smoke.Alcohol: We define current drinkers as individuals consuming at least one alcoholic beverage in the past year. Among current drinkers, we estimate the level of exposure based on average grams of pure alcohol consumed per day.Low physical activity: Low physical activity was measured in total metabolic equivalents (METs) and was defined as average weekly physical activity (at work, home, transport-related, and recreational) of less than 3000–4500 MET minutes per week.Thyroid cancer: This cause includes death and disability resulting from invasive neoplasms of the thyroid, including ICD-10 codes such as C73.
