Harigua-Souiai, Emna
Salem, Youssef Ben
Hariga, Maaoui
Saadi, Yusr
Souguir, Hejer
Chouaieb, Hamed
Adedokun, Olufemi
Mkada, Imen
Moussa, Zeineb
Fathallah-Mili, Akila
Lemrani, Meryem
Haddad, Nabil
Oduola, Ayoade
Souiai, Oussama
Ali, Insaf Bel Hadj
Guizani, Ikram
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NAS-USAID PEER program – cycle 5 (PEER518; agreement number No. AID-OAA-A-11-00012), NAS-USAID PEER program – cycle 5 (PEER518; agreement number No. AID-OAA-A-11-00012), NAS-USAID PEER program – cycle 5 (PEER518; agreement number No. AID-OAA-A-11-00012), NAS-USAID PEER program – cycle 5 (PEER518; agreement number No. AID-OAA-A-11-00012), NAS-USAID PEER program – cycle 5 (PEER518; agreement number No. AID-OAA-A-11-00012), NAS-USAID PEER program – cycle 5 (PEER518; agreement number No. AID-OAA-A-11-00012), NAS-USAID PEER program – cycle 5 (PEER518; agreement number No. AID-OAA-A-11-00012), NAS-USAID PEER program – cycle 5 (PEER518; agreement number No. AID-OAA-A-11-00012), NAS-USAID PEER program – cycle 5 (PEER518; agreement number No. AID-OAA-A-11-00012), NAS-USAID PEER program – cycle 5 (PEER518; agreement number No. AID-OAA-A-11-00012), NAS-USAID PEER program – cycle 5 (PEER518; agreement number No. AID-OAA-A-11-00012))
The Ministry of Higher Education and Research in Tunisia ((LR16IPT04), (LR16IPT04), (LR16IPT04), (LR16IPT04), (LR16IPT04), (LR16IPT04), (LR16IPT04), (LR16IPT04), (LR16IPT04))
The Initiative of Clinical Investigation Centre (at Institut Pasteur de Tunis (CIC2016IPT02), at Institut Pasteur de Tunis (CIC2016IPT02), at Institut Pasteur de Tunis (CIC2016IPT02), at Institut Pasteur de Tunis (CIC2016IPT02), at Institut Pasteur de Tunis (CIC2016IPT02), at Institut Pasteur de Tunis (CIC2016IPT02), at Institut Pasteur de Tunis (CIC2016IPT02), at Institut Pasteur de Tunis (CIC2016IPT02), at Institut Pasteur de Tunis (CIC2016IPT02))
Wellcome Trust/FCDO, managed by the Science for Africa Foundation (SFA del05-22, SFA del05-22, SFA del05-22, SFA del05-22, SFA del05-22, SFA del05-22, SFA del05-22, SFA del05-22, SFA del05-22)
Article History
Received: 29 December 2023
Accepted: 27 March 2025
First Online: 11 April 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval was obtained from respective IRBs to each sampling site, under the references 2016/24/I/LRIPT04 of IPT-Tunisia, 51/17 of the “Comité d’éthique pour la recherche biomédicale, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université Mohammed V - Rabat” in Morocco and INV-2017-324 of the Institutional Review Board-Rafik Hariri University Hospital in Lebanon. All methods were carried out in accordance with international General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.