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Authors
Chen, Weiming
Yu, Lei
Jia, Zhenyu
Zhu, Jianguo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81873608)
Social Development Program of Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department ([2019]2799)
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Article History
Received: 19 September 2024
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 12 July 2025
Declarations
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: Sample recruitment for this study received ethical approval from Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital (Ethical Review Approval NO. [2019]61). The research process strictly adhered to the ethical principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent by signing forms that detailed the collection of semen specimens and the use of data for scientific research, publication, and public sharing.
: All data in this study have been de-identified and contain no personally identifiable information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
