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Authors
Rahmani, Vahid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1738-7550
Marsh, Valerie L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6482-7432
Aliafsari Mamaghani, Ebrahim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8214-4793
Soleimani, Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4964-7708
Alizadeh, Maedeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-8110
Zadi, Omid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6258-7052
Aghazadeh, Nasrin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-296X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Maragheh University of Medical Sciences (IR.MARAGHEHPHC.REC.1401.001)
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Article History
Received: 19 November 2024
Accepted: 8 July 2025
First Online: 16 July 2025
Declarations
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: All methods were performed according to the ethical principles outlined by the Declaration of Helsinki for medical research involving human subjects, and formal ethical approval was obtained from the Maragheh University of Medical Sciences ethics committee (Ethic Code: IR.MARAGHEHPHC.REC.1401.001). Comprehensive information was furnished to OR nurses regarding the study’s objectives, the extent of their participation, and the potential ramifications. All subjects provided their written assent by signing an informed consent form. To protect nurses’ confidentiality, all collected data was anonymized.
: All participants read and signed the informed consent form.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was carried out without any financial or commercial ties that may be seen as having a conflict of interest, the authors disclose.
