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Authors
Mohd Ngesom, Ahmad Mohiddin
Md Lasim, Asmalia
Abdul Rahim, Faizul Akmal
Abdul Halim, Mardani
Mohd-Taib, Farah Shafawati
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia
Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), the Ministry of Higher Education (FRGS/1/2018/STG03/UKM/02/1)
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Article History
Received: 5 December 2024
Accepted: 17 July 2025
First Online: 25 July 2025
Declarations
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: Soil sampling was conducted in publicly accessible open areas and therefore did not require specific ethical approval.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
