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Article History

Received: 27 February 2024

Accepted: 28 July 2025

First Online: 9 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The University for Development Studies Ethics Review Committee gave ethical clearance for the study. Written permission was obtained from the Northern Regional Health Directorate and Gushegu District Health Administration. Informed written consent was sought from all respondents. Respondents were made to understand that participating in the research was entirely voluntary. Moreover, respondents were made aware that if they decided to participate in the study, they were at liberty not to answer questions they did not feel comfortable with. Respondents were assured of strict anonymity and confidentiality on any information they gave during the study. The Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments in 2013 were duly followed throughout this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.