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Authors
Dibaba, Kenesa Tesema
Edessa, Dumessa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6558-5829
Cheru, Abera https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5790-7520
Mengesha, Melkamu Merid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-0136
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Article History
Received: 9 August 2024
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: This research was approved by the Institutional Health Research Ethics Review Committee of the Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences (Ref. No. IHRERC/259/2020). In addition, a support letter was obtained from the Dire Dawa Administration Health Bureau and communicated to ART centres. The names of patients were not recorded, and their unique MRN numbers were locked for confidentiality. The need for written and informed consent to participate was waived by the Institutional Health Research Ethics Review Committee of the Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences because of the retrospective nature of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
