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Authors
Wagatsuma, Keita
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24K23680)
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Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
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: This data note was based exclusively on publicly available, aggregated datasets that had been de-identified and fully anonymized prior to analysis. In accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research issued by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan ( ), secondary analyses of such anonymized, aggregate data are not classified as human-subjects research. Consequently, approval by an institutional ethics committee was not required, and the requirement to obtain individual informed consent was waived. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
