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Authors
Khongwichit, Sarawut
Linsuwanon, Piyada
Wongwairot, Sirima
Lindroth, Erica
Poovorawan, Yong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Second Century Fund (C2F) of Chulalongkorn University
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Article History
Received: 20 November 2024
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand (approval no. IRB378-59, IRB710/64 and WRAIR2386). The Institutional Review Board of the Ethics Committee for Human Research waived informed consent because patient identifiers were anonymized. This study was conducted following the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice Guidelines (ICH-GCP). Material has been reviewed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. There is no objection to its presentation or publication. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the author, and are not to be construed as official, or as reflecting true views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. The investigators have adhered to the policies for protection of human subjects as prescribed in Army Regulation 70–25.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
