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Article History

Received: 10 July 2025

Accepted: 23 October 2025

First Online: 12 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the University of Tsukuba Hospital (approval number: R06-018). Individual informed consent was waived by the ethics committee because this study used de-identified existing clinical records. An opt-out approach was implemented using a publicly available document to ensure participants had the opportunity to decline participation in this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.