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Authors
Taengphu, Suwimon
Dong, Ha Thanh
Meemetta, Watcharachai
Senapin, Saengchan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Budget Bureau and the National Science and Technology Development Agency (P-24-51453)
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Article History
Received: 5 September 2025
Accepted: 15 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: Fish handling and necropsy complied with ethical guidelines, with approval from the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology IACUC Committee with the Approval ID: BT-Animal 28/2563). Informed consent and permission to access the farms and sample fish were obtained from the farm owners. No personal data were disclosed, and farm names were coded to maintain confidentiality.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
