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Article History

Received: 31 March 2025

Accepted: 28 November 2025

First Online: 6 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Declaration as to participation in the HUNT4 survey. The Trøndelag Health Study (The HUNT Study) is one of the largest health studies ever performed. It is a unique database of questionnaire data, clinical measurements and samples from a county’s inhabitants since 1984. HUNT Research Centre has a database with information on 250,000 people, and has been certified in conformity with NS-EN ISO 9001:2015 since 2011. It is connected to Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Our survey is based on the fourth wave of the population-based HUNT study (HUNT4), Norway, performed during 2017–2019, also including linkage to hospital records and the Norwegian Patient Registry. A total of 54,541 HUNT4 participants with available sera were screened for CeD by serology. All seropositive participants were invited to a clinical assessment, including endoscopy with duodenal biopsies, during 2019–2023.The HUNT4 study was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics Central Norway, (reference number 7943) being in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration.

: All participants provided written informed consent when taking part in HUNT4, including for future studies involving their collected data and biological material.

: Consent for publication of personal or clinical details of participants. Not applicable. Approval of publication from the HUNT research centre. The Publication Committee of the HUNT Research Centre (HUNT Publication Committee) has formally approved the report from project 2021/18258 for consideration for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.