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Authors
Askarabadi, Masoud Mohamadi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1826-531X
Yousefi, Bahram https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7947-0707
Hasani, Zohreh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9786-2867
Hoseini, Rastegar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8685-2471
Kazemi, Saeed
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Article History
Received: 13 August 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in strict accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 2013) for research involving human participants. The study protocol received full ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran (Approval Code: IR.RAZI.REC.1404.022; Approval Date: July 30, 2025), prior to the initiation of any research activities. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after a comprehensive explanation of the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their rights—including the voluntary right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty or loss of benefits. Verbal clarification was also provided to ensure full participant understanding.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests. The authors affirm that the research was carried out without any commercial or financial relationships that could be interpreted as a potential conflict of interest.
