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Article History

Received: 4 September 2025

Accepted: 8 January 2026

First Online: 19 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was conducted using anonymized patient data extracted from the hospital’s electronic medical record system. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of [The Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (Ref: [2023 ]Ethical Review No. 115 of the Second Affiliated Medical College of Fujian Province)], and the need for informed consent was waived by the IRB. This waiver was granted because the study involved the analysis of existing, anonymized data without any direct interaction with patients or intervention in their treatment. The study complies with international ethical standards, including the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as relevant national regulations in China. This study does not involve experiments on humans and/or the use of human tissue samples, not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.