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Article History

Received: 7 October 2025

Accepted: 21 January 2026

First Online: 20 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and as part of a government-funded community health promotion program aimed at enhancing the well-being of older adults by the Hsinchu County Government, Taiwan. No additional intervention beyond the routine muscle-strengthening classes regularly held at the community care centers was introduced. After eight weeks, one of the centers incorporated simple game-based activities, and older adults could choose to participate based on their own willingness under the supervision of local site managers. All data collected were anonymized and contained no personally identifiable information. Given the nature of this government-supported public health initiative and the use of de-identified data obtained from routine activities at the community sites, the project fell within the scope of research activities exempt from formal ethical review under national and institutional guidelines. The findings of this project are intended to inform future government policies and community-based health promotion strategies.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests