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Authors
Amiri Bonyad, Sajjad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-2709
Karampourian, Arezou https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5351-3596
Abbasi, Fatemeh https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3465-9554
Shadi, Yahya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9281-1905
Ashbeh, Pouneh https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2748-9202
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 22 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted as part of a student project approved by the Research and Technology Deputy of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (project number 140203302447; ethics code IR.UMSHA.REC.1402.126). Written informed consent was obtained from all participating nurses.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
