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Article History

Received: 22 July 2025

Accepted: 16 February 2026

First Online: 21 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Our study adhered to the revised Declaration of Helsinki, as ethical approval was obtained from the University of KwaZulu-Natal Bio-Medical Research Ethics Committee [BREC/00001594/2020] and the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe [MRCZ/A/2637]. Informed written consent was obtained from all study participants (health care workers, community health workers, and malaria cases). Informed written consent was also obtained from parents/guardians for minors who presented at a health facility or a community health worker. Patients’ names were not collected for this study. Only patient case numbers were entered onto the data collection forms. Participants were assured of the confidentiality of their responses and information.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.