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Authors
Hassan, Shafie Abdulkadir
Mohamed, Adam Abdullahi
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Article History
Received: 28 September 2025
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 21 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study received approval from the Jamhuriya Research Ethics Committee, Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology, Somalia (Ref: JUREC0083/FMHS00063/092024). Although there was a slight delay in formal approval, all procedures complied with the Helsinki Declaration, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. For participants with low literacy, the consent form was read aloud by a witness, and a thumbprint was obtained. Confidentiality was maintained by using unique identifiers and securely storing data.
: All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
