Irving, Elisabeth Tove
Stikvoort, Britt
Andersson, Claes
Berman, Anne H.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Uppsala University
Article History
Received: 10 December 2025
Accepted: 18 March 2026
First Online: 29 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This investigation was completed following ethical approval by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority, which evaluates research compliance with the Act (2003:460) concerning the ethical review of research involving humans, legislation that is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The reference numbers for ethical approval concerning research on the WMH-ICS survey in Sweden are as follows: ref. nr. 2020 − 01465, May 12, 2020, with approved amendments 2020–02706, June 16, 2020, 2020–04639, Oct 12, 2020, 2023-02378-02, May 6, 2023, 2023-02393-02, May 15, 2023 and 2023-07621-02, December 27, 2023. All respondents in the sample analyzed gave their informed consent to participate in the study digitally, before accessing the WHO-WMH-ICS questionnaire.
: As part of the informed consent to participate in the study, participants gave their consent to publication of outcomes on a group level, where no individual could be identified.
: The authors declare no competing interests.