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Authors
Tsegay, Haftom Yirga
Hailu, Berhane Yohannes
Tafere, Gebrehiwot Gebremedhin
Demoz, Filmon Beyenne
Tekleargis, Werkey Araya
Tuem, Kald Beshir
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Article History
Received: 16 January 2026
Accepted: 28 April 2026
First Online: 4 May 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval (reference number: MU-IRB 2210/2024) was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Mekelle University, College of Health Science. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. As the research involved a review of medical records without the collection of personal identifiers, the Institutional Review Board of Mekelle University waived the requirement for informed consent. Before data collection, hospital staff in the study wards, including nurses and pharmacists, were briefed on the study’s purpose, rationale, and procedures.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
