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Article History

Received: 16 September 2020

Accepted: 5 November 2020

First Online: 9 December 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The animals of the microarray-based DNA methylation study were housed at the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, permit number: A 92–032-02). The CEA complies with Standards for Human Care and Use of Laboratory of the Office for Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW, USA) under OLAW Assurance number #A5826-01. The Central Committee for Animals at Institut Pasteur or Ethical Committee of Animal Experimentation (CETEA-DSV, IDF, France) approved all animal experimental procedures (Notification numbers: 10-051b, 12-006b). All experimental procedures were conducted in strict accordance with the international European guidelines 2010/63/UE on protection of animals used for experimentation and other scientific purposes (French decree 2013–118). For the pyrosequencing validation, the rhesus monkeys used in this study were cared for by experienced staff at the German Primate Center (DPZ) and housed according to the German Animal Welfare Act which complies with the European Union guidelines on the use of non-human primates for biomedical research and the Weatherall report. The study was approved by the Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety and performed with the project licences 33.14.42502-04-119/09, 33.19-4502-05-10A041, 33.14-42,502-04-10/0037, 33.19-42,502-04-12/0820, 33.19-42,502-04-15/2001, and 33.19-42,502-04-17/2500. In line with § 11 of the German Animal Welfare act, the DPZ has the permission to breed and house non-human primates under license number 392001/7 granted by the local veterinary office.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.