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Article History

Received: 20 September 2024

Accepted: 21 July 2025

First Online: 30 August 2025

Declarations

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: Tumors were collected from the “French Glioblastoma Biobank FGB” []. The FGB network was declared to the French Ministry of Health and Research (declaration number: DC-2011-1467, cession authorization number: AC-2017-2993). The protocols and regulations of the FGB network were approved by the CPP OUEST II ethics committee (CB 2012/02, date of approval: 20 December 2011) and the CNIL (no. 1476342, date of approval: 10 October 2011). Plasma was collected from patients treated at the “Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest” (ICO, ). All patients recruited gave signed and informed consent. All the samples collected and the associated clinical information were registered in the database (N° DC-2018-3321) validated by the French research ministry. Biological resources were stored at the “Centre de Ressources Biologiques-Tumorothèque (CRB)” (Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, Saint-Herblain, F44800, France) [].

: All authors have given consent for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.