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Authors
Shorey-Kendrick, Lyndsey E.
McEvoy, Cindy T.
Milner, Kristin
Harris, Julia
Brownsberger, Julie
Tepper, Robert S.
Park, Byung
Gao, Lina
Vu, Annette
Morris, Cynthia D.
Thompson, Emma E.
Ober, Carole
Spindel, Eliot R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL105447)
NIH (P51 OD011092565, UH3 OD023288)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,United States (R01 HL 105460, R01 HL162951)
Office of Dietary Supplements
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR000128)
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Article History
Received: 29 May 2025
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
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: The trial was approved by each hospital’s institutional review board and monitored by a National Institutes of Health-appointed data safety monitoring board. Written informed consent was obtained from pregnant smokers before enrollment.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
