Ma, Jiantao
Lai, Chao-Qiang
Li, Xinmin S.
Wang, Meng
Wang, Zeneng
Yao, Jie
Guo, Xiuqing
Taylor, Kent D.
Lee, Soyoung
Tracy, Russell P.
Peter, Durda
Liu, Yongmei
Rotter, Jerome I.
Rich, Stephen S.
Budoff, Matthew
Tang, WHWilson
DiDonato, Joseph A.
Brody, Jennifer A.
Lemaitre, Rozenn N.
Fretts, Amanda
Sotoodehnia, Nona
Psaty, Bruce M.
Ordovás, José M.
Siscovick, David S.
Hazen, Stanley L.
Mozaffarian, Dariush
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL147823 and R01HL103866)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL135920-5)
Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 13 January 2026
First Online: 9 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Tufts Institutional Review Board. All participants provided written informed consent, and all research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: All authors consent to publish declarations.
: Conflict of interest Z.W. and S.L.H. report being named as co-inventor on pending and issued patents held by the Cleveland Clinic relating to cardiovascular diagnostics and therapeutics. S.L.H. also reports being a paid consultant for Zehna Therapeutics. S.L.H. reports having received research funds from Procter & Gamble, Zehna Therapeutics and Roche Diagnostics. Z.W. and S.L.H. report being eligible to receive royalty payments for inventions or discoveries related to cardiovascular diagnostics or therapeutics from Cleveland Heart Lab, and Procter & Gamble, and S.L.H. from Zehna Therapeutics. B.M.P. serves on the Steering Committee of the Yale Open Data Access Project funded by Johnson & Johnson.