Yin, Qiming
Schöttker, Ben
Holleczek, Bernd
Fan, Ziwen
Stevenson-Hoare, Joshua
Brenner, Hermann
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)
Article History
Received: 22 October 2025
Accepted: 25 January 2026
First Online: 16 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The ESTHER study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committees of the medical faculty of the University of Heidelberg and the medical board of the state of Saarland. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Biological age.CA Chronological age.DNAm DNA methylation.AgeAccel DNA methylation age acceleration.GP General practitioner.BMI Body mass index.PC Principal component.