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Authors
Feng, Jihua
Liang, Yuting
Zhou, Jie
Yu, Yongbing
Zheng, Xiaowen
Mo, Jingjia
Huang, Zhiqing
Zhang, Jianfeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82302461)
Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region scientific research project (Z20211102)
the Key Research and Development Project of Guangxi (GuikeAB23026012)
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Article History
Received: 12 May 2026
Accepted: 13 July 2026
First Online: 17 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All data were extracted from NHANES. The study protocol received approval from the NCHS Ethics Review Board. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Statistical tests: Categorical variables were compared using chi-squared tests; continuous variables were compared using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests as appropriate.
Role of the Funder: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
