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Article History

Received: 21 November 2018

Accepted: 11 March 2019

First Online: 20 March 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: All patients provided written informed consent for their data to be used for research purposes. The project was approved by the local Medical Ethical Committee in all four European clinical centers: the Regional Committees on Medical Research Ethics of the Capital Region of Denmark (Approval no.: H-1-2014-126), CEAS-Umbria (Comitato Etico Aziende Sanitarie-Umbria), Italy (Approval no.: CEAS 2381/14), the Ethical Committee of the VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherland (Approval no: 2014-12 amendment to protocol 2015.16, at 18-12-2014), and the Ethical Committee of Northern Savo Hospital District, Kuopio, Finland (Approval no: 71/2014, 29.10.2014). Furthermore, the protocol was approved by the Data Protection Agency in Finland and subsequently in Denmark (Journal no.: 2012-58-0004).

: Not applicable.

: HS has served in advisory boards for ACImmune and MERK. WMvdF performs contract research for Biogen and has research programs funded by the ZonMW, NWO, EU-FP7, Alzheimer Nederland, CardioVascular Onderzoek Nederland, Stichting Dioraphte, Gieskes-Strijbis Fonds, Boehringer Ingelheim, Piramal Neuroimaging, Roche BV, Janssen Stellar, and Combinostics. All funding is paid to her institution. JL and JK are shareholders in Combinostics Oy that owns the following IPR related to the patent: (1) J. Koikkalainen and J. Lotjonen. A method for inferring the state of a system, US7,840,510 B2, PCT/FI2007/050277. (2) J. Lotjonen, J. Koikkalainen and J. Mattila. State Inference in a heterogeneous system, PCT/FI2010/050545. FI20125177. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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