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Article History

Received: 13 February 2019

Accepted: 29 May 2019

First Online: 21 June 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: All participants provided written informed consent, and all data collection procedures were in full, certified, and annually renewed compliance with the Health Research Ethics Board at the University of Alberta.

: Not applicable.

: Kenneth Rockwood is the President and Chief Science Officer of DGI Clinical, which in the last 5 years has contracts with pharma and device manufacturers (Baxter, Baxalta, Shire, Hollister, Nutricia, Roche, Otsuka) on individualized outcome measurement. In 2017, he attended an advisory board meeting with Lundbeck. Otherwise, any personal fees are for invited guest lectures and academic symposia, received directly from event organizers, chiefly for presentations on frailty. He is an Associate Director of the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging, which is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and with additional funding from the Alzheimer Society of Canada and several other charities, as well as, in its first phase (2013–2018), from Pfizer Canada and Sanofi Canada. He receives career support from the Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation as the Kathryn Allen Weldon Professor of Alzheimer Research, and research support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the QEII Health Science Centre Foundation, the Capital Health Research Fund, and the Fountain Family Innovation Fund of the QEII Health Science Centre Foundation. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.