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Article History

Received: 13 July 2019

Accepted: 23 December 2019

First Online: 6 January 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The EPAD-LCS (: NCT02804789) and the other cohorts were approved by the ethical review board in each country in which the study was performed, and all participants gave informed consent. The cohort studies had consent to contact participants for other research projects.

: Not applicable.

: Lisa Vermunt, Graciela Muniz-Terrera<b>,</b> Lea ter Meulen, Colin Veal, Archie Campbell, Julien Delrieu, Isabelle Carrie, Karine Fauria, Silvia Ingala, Natalie Jenkins, Pierre-Jean Ousset, David Porteous, Alina Solomon, Brian Tom, Marissa Zwan, and Anthony Brookes declare that they have no competing interests.Kaj Blennow has served as a consultant or at advisory boards for Alector, Alzheon, CogRx, Biogen, Lilly, Novartis, and Roche Diagnostics, has received research support from Roche Diagnostics, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB, a GU Venture-based platform company at the University of Gothenburg. José Luis Molinuevo is a consultant for the following for-profit companies: Alergan, Roche diagnostics, Genentech, Novartis, Lundbeck, Oryzon, Biogen, Lilly, Janssen, Green Valley, MSD, Eisai, Alector, Raman Health. Niels Prins serves on the advisory board of Boehringer Ingelheim and Probiodrug and is a member of the DSMB of Abbvie’s M15-566 trial; he has received consultancy or speaker fees from Sanofi, Takeda, Janssen, and Novartis and he is CEO and co-owner of the Brain Research Center, Amsterdam. Henrik Zetterberg has served at scientific advisory boards for Roche Diagnostics, Wave, Samumed, and CogRx, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Biogen and Alzecure, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB, a GU Ventures-based platform company at the University of Gothenburg. Craig Ritchie is the co-coordinator and academic lead for the EPAD (European Prevention of Alzheimer’s Dementia) Project which has numerous commercial partners in keeping with the mechanisms of the European Union’s Innovative Medicine’s Initiative. These companies are as follows: Janssen, Eisai, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Roche Diagnostics, Boeringher Ingleheim, Novartis, AC Immune, Ixico, Aridhia, Amgen, Berry Consultants, Lundbeck, Sanofi, Quintiles (IQVIA), and Takeda.Philip Scheltens has acquired grant support (for the institution) from GE Healthcare, Danone Research, Piramal, and Merck. In the past 2 years, he has received consultancy/speaker fees (paid to the institution) from Lilly, GE Healthcare, Novartis, Sanofi, Nutricia, Probiodrug, Biogen, Roche, Avraham, and EIP Pharma. Gerald Luscan is a Pfizer employee. Pieter Jelle Visser reports non-financial support from GE Healthcare, other from Eli-Lilly, other from Janssen Pharmaceutical, grants from Biogen, outside the submitted work.