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Article History

Received: 25 November 2019

Accepted: 6 March 2020

First Online: 19 March 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Signed informed consent/assent was obtained prior to participation from all individuals. Protocols were approved by the Internal Review Board of all participating research sites (Partners Intitutional Review Board, BCH Institutional Review Board, North West Wales Research Ethics Committee).

: Not applicable.

: DMW is an employee of Biogen Inc. AS has consulted for/or been an investigator on studies sponsored by the following companies: Hoffmann-la Roche Ltd, ONO Pharma, Aelis Farma, AC-Immune, and ProMIS Neurosciences. DJS is a director and consultant to Prothena Biosciences. BS occasionally consults on the topic of Down syndrome through Gerson Lehrman Group. He receives remuneration from Down syndrome non-profit organizations for speaking engagements and associated travel expenses. BS receives annual royalties from Woodbine House, Inc., for the publication of his book, <i>Fasten Your Seatbelt: A Crash Course on Down Syndrome for Brothers and Sisters</i>. Within the past 2 years, he has received research funding from F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. and LuMind Research Down Syndrome Foundation to conduct clinical trials for people with Down syndrome. BS is occasionally asked to serve as an expert witness for legal cases where Down syndrome is discussed. BS serves in a non-paid capacity on the Honorary Board of Directors for the Massachusetts Down Syndrome Congress and the Professional Advisory Committee for the National Center for Prenatal and Postnatal Down Syndrome Resources. BS has a sister with Down syndrome. None of the other authors have biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.