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Article History

Received: 13 July 2022

Accepted: 8 November 2022

First Online: 9 January 2023

Declarations

:

: This is a cross-sectional analysis of the online datasets of the EPAD LCS study. The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Independent Ethics Committee or other relevant ethical review board for written approval as required by local laws and regulations. A copy of approval is required by the University of Edinburgh as Sponsor before the study commences at each site. The study is designed and conducted in accordance with the guidelines for Good Clinical Practice (GCP), and with the ethical principles as proclaimed in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants are required to provide written informed consent prior to participation in any research activities laid out in the EPAD LCS protocol. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.