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Article History

Received: 14 November 2024

Accepted: 13 March 2025

First Online: 14 April 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures involving human subjects were performed following the Helsinki Declaration of 1975. All participants provided written informed consent for the use of medical data and biomaterials for research purposes. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee (2023.0759; Amsterdam UMC VUmc medical ethical committee).

: Not applicable.

: Julie Goossens and Charlotte De Rocker are employees of ADx NeuroSciences NV. Eugeen Vanmechelen is a cofounder of ADx NeuroSciences. Wiesje van der Flier has conducted research programs funded by ZonMW, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, European Union–Seventh Framework Programme, European Joint Programme on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Alzheimer Nederland, Hersenstichting CardioVascular Onderzoek Nederland, Health∼Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health, Stichting Dioraphte, Gieskes-Strijbis Fonds, Stichting Equilibrio, Edwin Bouw Fonds, Pasman Stichting, Alzheimer & Neuropsychiatrie Foundation, Philips, Biogen MA, Amprion, Novartis-NL, Life Molecular Imaging, Avid, Roche, Fujifilm, Eisai, and Combinostics. WMvdF holds the Pasman chair; and is a recipient of ABOARD, which is a public–private partnership receiving funding from ZonMW (#73305095007) and Health∼Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health (PPP-allowance; #LSHM20106). All funding is paid to her institution; WMvdF is a recipient of TAP-dementia, receiving funding from ZonMw (#10510032120003) in the context of the Onderzoeksprogramma Dementie, part of the Dutch National Dementia Strategy; Gieskes Strijbis Fonds also contributes to TAP-dementia. WMvdF is a consultant for the Oxford Health Policy Forum Community Interest Company, Roche, Eisai, and Biogen MA; has been an invited speaker at Boehringer Ingelheim, Biogen MA, Danone, Eisai, WebMD Neurology (Medscape), NovoNordisk, Springer Healthcare, and the European Brain Council; and has participated in advisory boards for Biogen MA, Roche, and Eli Lilly. FV has served as a consultant for Biogen (payment to Maastricht University). Charlotte E. Teunissen is a recipient of ABOARD, and Health∼Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health (PPP-allowance; #LSHM20106). CT is also a contract researcher for ADx Neurosciences, AC-Immune, Aribio, Axon Neurosciences, Beckman-Coulter, BioConnect, Bioorchestra, Brainstorm Therapeutics, Celgene, Cognition Therapeutics, EIP Pharma, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Fujirebio, Grifols, Instant Nano Biosensors, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Olink, PeopleBio, Quanterix, Roche, Siemens, Toyama, Vivoryon, and the European Commission. CT has received payments or honoraria from Eli Lilly, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, Olink, and Roche, where all payments were made to her institution. CT also serves on the editorial boards of Medidact Neurologie/Springer and on Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation. CT is the editor of Alzheimer Research and Therapy. Inge M.W. Verberk is a recipient of grants from Amsterdam UMC and Health ~ Holland. All the other authors report no conflicts of interest.