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Article History

Received: 9 April 2025

Accepted: 19 July 2025

First Online: 7 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The institutional review board of Samsung Medical Center (No. 2021-02-135) approved this study. All participants provided informed consent to participate in the study, and the data were collected in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: Henrik Zetterberg has served on scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZPath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave. He has delivered lectures in symposia sponsored by Alzecure, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Roche. He is also a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside the submitted work). Kaj Blennow has served as a consultant and advisory board member for Abbvie, AC Immune, ALZPath, AriBio, BioArctic, Biogen, Eisai, Lilly, Moleac Pte. Ltd, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Prothena, Roche Diagnostics, and Siemens Healthineers. He has served on data monitoring committees for Julius Clinical and Novartis. He has also delivered lectures, produced educational materials, and participated in educational programs for AC Immune, Biogen, Celdara Medical, Eisai, and Roche Diagnostics. Additionally, he is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, outside the work presented in this paper. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest. Theresa A. Day is an employee and minor stockholder of Eli Lilly and Company.