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Article History

Received: 12 June 2025

Accepted: 11 October 2025

First Online: 10 November 2025

Declarations

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: The study was approved by the ethical committees of all participating centers. All study participants provided written informed consent according to the Declaration of Helsinki.

: LEC has received research support from GE HealthCare and Springer Healthcare (funded by Eli Lilly), both paid to the institution. TGO has been a consultant for Sonae and Guidepoint, has received fees as a speaker from Eisai and conference fees covered from Roche and Lilly. JDG has received research support from GE HealthCare, Roche Diagnostics, and F. Hoffmann–La Roche; has received speaker or consulting fees from Roche Diagnostics, Esteve, Philips Nederlands, Biogen, and Life Molecular Imaging; and serves on the Molecular Neuroimaging Advisory Board of Prothena Biosciences. CWR has done paid consultancy work for Eli Lilly, Biogen, Actinogen, Brain Health Scotland, Roche, Roche Diagnostics, Novo Nordisk, Eisai, Signant, Merck, Alchemab, Sygnature, and Abbvie; his group has received Research Income to his Research Unit from Biogen, AC Immune and Roche; he has out licensed IP developed at University of Edinburgh to Linus Health and is CEO and Founder of Scottish Brain Sciences. FB is supported by the NIHR biomedical research center at UCLH. He has been a steering committee or Data Safety Monitoring Board member for Biogen, Merck, Eisai, and Prothena; an advisory board member for Combinostics and Scottish Brain Sciences; and a consultant for Roche, Celltrion, Rewind Therapeutics, Merck, and Bracco; FB has research agreements with ADDI, Merck, Biogen, GE HealthCare, and Roche and is a Cofounder and shareholder of Queen Square Analytics Ltd. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.