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Article History

Received: 7 July 2025

Accepted: 15 October 2025

First Online: 12 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Danish Research Ethics Committee (H-21040317) and followed the tenets of the 1975 Helsinki Declaration. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05175664). Written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to enrolment.

: Not applicable.

: AHS has served at scientific advisory board for Eisai/BioArctic (renumeration paid to institution). KF serves or has served on a scientific advisory board and as scientific consultant for Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics and Eisai, has given lectures in symposia for Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Eisai/BioArctic, (renumeration paid to institution) and has served or serves as principal investigator in trials for Roche, Biogen, AbbVie, Novo Nordisk and Roche Diagnostics (remuneration paid to institution). KF also serves as Editor-in-Chief for Alzheimer´s Research and Therapy (Springer) for which personal remuneration is paid. HZ has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZpath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, ScandiBio Therapeutics AB, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, LabCorp, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Oy Medix Biochemica AB, Roche, and WebMD, is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, and is a shareholder of MicThera (outside submitted work). KB has served as a consultant and at advisory boards for Abbvie, AC Immune, ALZPath, AriBio, Beckman-Coulter, BioArctic, Biogen, Eisai, Lilly, Moleac Pte. Ltd, Neurimmune, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Prothena, Quanterix, Roche Diagnostics, Sunbird Bio, Sanofi and Siemens Healthineers; has served at data monitoring committees for Julius Clinical and Novartis; has given lectures, produced educational materials and participated in educational programs for AC Immune, Biogen, Celdara Medical, Eisai and Roche Diagnostics; and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, outside the work presented in this paper. The other authors have no conflict of interest to report.KF serves or has served on a scientific advisory board and as scientific consultant for Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics and Eisai, has given lectures in symposia for Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Eisai/BioArctic, (renumeration paid to institution) and has served or serves as principal investigator in trials for Roche, Biogen, AbbVie, Novo Nordisk and Roche Diagnostics (remuneration paid to institution). KF also serves as Editor-in-Chief for Alzheimer´s Research and Therapy (Springer) for which personal remuneration is paid.HZ has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZpath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, ScandiBio Therapeutics AB, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, LabCorp, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Oy Medix Biochemica AB, Roche, and WebMD, is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, and is a shareholder of MicThera (outside submitted work).KB has served as a consultant and at advisory boards for Abbvie, AC Immune, ALZPath, AriBio, Beckman-Coulter, BioArctic, Biogen, Eisai, Lilly, Moleac Pte. Ltd, Neurimmune, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Prothena, Quanterix, Roche Diagnostics, Sunbird Bio, Sanofi and Siemens Healthineers; has served at data monitoring committees for Julius Clinical and Novartis; has given lectures, produced educational materials and participated in educational programs for AC Immune, Biogen, Celdara Medical, Eisai and Roche Diagnostics; and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, outside the work presented in this paper.The other authors have no conflict of interest to report.