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Article History

Received: 25 April 2025

Accepted: 20 October 2025

First Online: 11 February 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures involving human subjects were performed following the Helsinki Declaration of 1975. All participants or their authorized representatives provided written informed consent for the use of medical data and biomaterials for research purposes. The study was approved by the Amsterdam UMC VUmc medical ethical committee.

: Not applicable.

: Y.S.H., B.B, K.B., L.B., D.R., A.L., and M.C. report no conflicts of interest. Y.P. received funding from Stichting Dioraphte, although this funding source had no role in the design, practice, or analysis of this study. As of 1-11-2025, W.F is executive director at Alzheimer Nederland, Amersfoort, the Netherlands. Before 1-11-2025, research programs of W.F. have been funded by ZonMW, NWO, EU-FP7, EU‐JPND, Alzheimer Nederland, Hersenstichting CardioVascular Onderzoek Nederland, Health∼Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health, stichting Dioraphte, Gieskes‐Strijbis fonds, stichting Equilibrio, Edwin Bouw fonds, Pasman stichting, stichting Alzheimer & Neuropsychiatrie Foundation, Philips, Biogen MA Inc, Novartis‐NL, Life‐MI, AVID, Roche BV, Fujifilm, Eisai, and Combinostics. W.F. holds the Pasman chair. W.F. is recipient of ABOARD, which is a public‐private partnership receiving funding from ZonMW (#73305095007) and Health∼Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health (PPP‐allowance; #LSHM20106). Before 1-11-2025, W.F. has been an invited speaker at Biogen MA Inc, Danone, Eisai, WebMD Neurology (Medscape), NovoNordisk, Springer Healthcare, NovoNordisk, and European Brain Council. W.F. is a consultant to Oxford Health Policy Forum CIC, Roche, and Biogen MA Inc. W.F. participated in advisory boards of Biogen MA Inc, Roche, and Eli Lilly. 2024-2025, W.F has been member of the steering committee of phase 3 EVOKE/EVOKE+ studies (NovoNordisk). In 2025, W.F has been member of the steering committee op phase 3 Trontinemab study (Roche). All funding has been paid to Amsterdam UMC. W.F. was associate editor of Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy in 2020/2021. W.F. was associate editor at Brain 2021-2025. W.F is chair of the Scientific Leadership Group of InRAD.W.F is member of Supervisory Board (Raad van Toezicht) Trimbos Instituut. C.T. has a collaboration contract with ADx Neurosciences, Quanterix, and Eli Lilly, and performed contract research or received grants from AC‐Immune, Axon Neurosciences, Bioconnect, Bioorchestra, Brainstorm Therapeutics, Celgene, EIP Pharma, Eisai, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, PeopleBio, Roche, Toyama, and Vivoryon. C.T. serves on editorial boards of Medidact Neurologie/Springer, Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy, and Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation and is editor of a Neuromethods book (Springer). She had speaker contracts for Roche, Grifols, and Novo Nordisk.