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Article History

Received: 23 April 2025

Accepted: 3 November 2025

First Online: 12 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The SUPERBRAIN-MEET study was conducted in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) guidelines. The protocol was approved by the Inha University Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB, approval No. INHAUH-2021–06-040) and by the IRBs of all participating centres, including the Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital IRB (SEUMC-2021–07-037), the Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital IRB (EUMC-2021–08-003), the Ajou University Hospital IRB (AJIRB-BMR-SUR-21–323), the Bobath Memorial Hospital IRB (P01-202109–11-002), the Dong-A University Hospital IRB (DAUHIRB-21–168), the Chonnam National University Hospital IRB (CNUH-2021–326), the Hanyang University Hospital IRB (HYUH-2021–07-041), the Myongji Hospital IRB (MJH-2021–08-032), the Jeonbuk National University Hospital IRB (CUH-2021–08-043), the Pusan National University Hospital IRB (2108–016-015), the Konkuk University Hospital IRB (KUMC-2021–08-023), the Samsung Medical Center IRB (SMC-2021–08-022), the CHA Bundang Medical Center IRB (CHAMC-2022–01-020), the Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital IRB (IS22EIMI0008), the Daejeon Eulji Medical Center IRB (EMC-2021–12-004) and the Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital IRB (UIRB-2022–0428). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment in the study. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05023057) on 26 August 2021.

: Not applicable.

: SYM, CHH, JHJ, YKP, HRN, and SHC are shareholders of Rowan Inc. JJ reported being an employee of Rowan Inc. The remaining authors report no conflicts of Interest.