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Authors
Chiu, Pai-Yi
Chou, Hsi-Hsien
Lin, Chih-Li
Li, Hsin-Hua
Chen, Tzu-Yu
Chen, Hong-Ming
Chang, Hsin-Te
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 114-2410-H-033-027)
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Article History
Received: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 8 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: All data were retrospectively and anonymously analyzed. The study was approved by the Committee for Medical Research Ethics of Show Chwan Memorial Hospital (SCMH_IRB No: IRB1081006), and the need for informed consent was waived.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this work.
