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Authors
Ding, Mozhu
Ek, Stina
Yang, Fen
Fang, Fang
Schmidt-Mende, Katharina
Modig, Karin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Karolinska Institute
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Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Accepted: 1 December 2025
First Online: 7 December 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Regional Ethics Committee in Stockholm (2011-136-31/5, 2021–02880). The ethical board has waived the need for informed consent as this study was register-based and did not involve direct contact with the study participants. Informed consent is not required for register-based studies, as the contribution of personal data to research is included in the contract between Swedish residents and the Swedish state if the research is ethically conducted.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
