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Authors
Wen, Jingxiang
Lan, Guoyu
Fu, Yuan
Jiang, Weiru
Xu, Bin
Zhang, Jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Key R&D Program of Zhejiang
Innovative Institute of Basic Medical Science of Zhejiang University
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Article History
Received: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 5 July 2026
First Online: 15 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database ( ). The ADNI study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of all participating institutions, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their authorized representatives. The present study complies with the ADNI Data Use Agreement and involved only secondary analysis of existing data, and thus did not require additional ethical approval.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
