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Authors
De Houwer, Julie F. H.
Kang, Wenjie
van Buuren, Renee
de Boer, Liset
Swartenbroekx, Tine
Rajicic, Ana
Bouzigues, Arabella
Russell, Lucy L.
Foster, Phoebe H.
Ferry-Bolder, Eve
van Swieten, John C.
Jiskoot, Lize C.
Sanchez-Valle, Raquel
Laforce, Robert
Graff, Caroline
Galimberti, Daniela
Vandenberghe, Rik
de Mendonça, Alexandre
Tiraboschi, Pietro
Santana, Isabel
Gerhard, Alexander
Levin, Johannes
Nacmias, Benedetta
Otto, Markus
Bertoux, Maxime
Lebouvier, Thibaud
Ducharme, Simon
Butler, Chris R.
Le Ber, Isabelle
Finger, Elizabeth
Tartaglia, Maria Carmela
Masellis, Mario
Rowe, James B.
Synofzik, Matthis
Moreno, Fermin
Borroni, Barbara
Zetterberg, Henrik
Pijnenburg, Yolande A. L.
Teunissen, Charlotte
Rohrer, Jonathan D.
Klein, Stefan
Dopper, Elise G.
Bron, Esther E.
Seelaar, Harro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alzheimer Nederland (WE.03-2022-07)
ZonMw (10510032120003)
European Union’s Horizon Europe
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Article History
Received: 28 May 2026
Accepted: 4 August 2026
First Online: 11 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Local ethics committees at each site approved the study. All participants provided written informed consent before inclusion in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.
Competing interests: M.S. has received consultancy honoraria from Ionis, UCB, Prevail, Orphazyme, Biogen, Servier, reata, GenOrph, AviadoBio, Biohaven, Zevra, Lilly, and Solaxa, all unrelated to the present manuscript. J.B.R. has provided consultancy or advisory board input to Alector, Asceneuron, Astronautx, Astex, Cumulusneuro, Cerevance, Clinical Ink, Curasen, Eisai, and Wave, unrelated to the current work. S.D. has provided paid consultancy to QuRALIS, Eisai, Voyager Therapeutics and Eli Lilly and has received speaker fees from Eisai. S.D. is an SDMB member of Aviado Bio and IntelGenX. M.C.T. has received funding from the National Institute of Health, Michael J. Fox Foundation, Tannenbaum Institute for Science in Sport, Weston Brain Foundation. T.L. receives consultancy fees from Roche, Lilly, Biogen, and Eisai, which are directed entirely to his institution. R.V.’s institution has a clinical trial agreement (R.V. as PI) with Alector, AviadioBio, Denali, Eli Lilly, J&J, and UCB. R.V.’s institution has a consultancy agreement (R.V. as DSMB chair) with AC Immune. L.L.R. is a consultant for Prevail Therapeutics. H.Z. has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZpath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, ScandiBio Therapeutics AB, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, LabCorp, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Oy Medix Biochemica AB, Roche, and WebMD, is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, and is a shareholder of MicThera (outside submitted work).
