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Article History

Received: 12 March 2025

Accepted: 2 October 2025

First Online: 8 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Health Ethics Research Board at Advarra.

: GL has received consultancy and/or speaker fees from Takeda, CSL Behring, BioCryst, KalVista, and is a member of CHAEN;

: ASK received honoraria from CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst;

: GLS is a medical advisor for Novartis Pharmaceuticals and CSL Behring; has also been contracted for research by Amgen, Aimmune Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, DBV Technologies, Leo Pharma, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Innovaderm Research Inc., Escient Pharmaceuticals, CSL Behring, Kalvista Pharma, Pharvaris and Aslan Pharmaceuticals;

: HK has been a medical lecturer and/or has participated in advisory boards for ALK-Abelló, AstraZeneca, Bausch Health, CSL Behring, GSK, Miravo, Novartis, Medexus, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, Valeopharma; is an Associate Professor at Western University and an Assistant Clinical Professor at McMaster University; serves as Editor-in-Chief of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology;

: HC has been contracted for research by Sobi, Alexion, Sanofi, Takeda, CSL-Behring, Kalvista, Pharvaris, has received consultancy and/or speaker fees from Takeda, CSL Behring, BioCryst, Novartis, Pharming, and is a board member of CHAEN;

: HAGM participated in advisory board for CSL Behring;

: CK has received speaker/consultancy fees from CSL Behring and Takeda;

: AA reports consulting fees and honoraria from BioCryst, Covis Pharma, CSL-Behring, Intellia, Kalvista, Pharvaris, and Takeda and clinical trial support from Astria, BioCryst, Intellia, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Kalvista, Octapharma, and Pharvaris, outside of the submitted work;

: BY, MFD, NT, and RES are employees of Cencora, Innomar Strategies, Inc;

: MM, HM, and AM are employees of CSL Behring Canada Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada;

: PKK has been a speaker, advisory board member, or consultant for and has received honoraria from ALK- Abelló, AstraZeneca, Bausch, Bayer, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), Canadian Pharmacists Association (CPA), CSL Behring, GSK, Medexus Pharmaceuticals Inc., Merck & Co., Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda/Shire, and Valeo; has received research grants from CSL Behring and Takeda/Shire; serves as a medical advisor (volunteer) for Hereditary Angioedema Canada, a patient organisation; serves as a board member (volunteer) for the CHAEN, a physician organisation; and is an employee of McMaster University.

: BY, MFD, NT, and RES analysis and interpretation of patient data and were major contributors in writing of the manuscript.

: All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

: Not Applicable.

: SW has received grants and research support from AllerGen, the Canadian Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Foundation (CAAIF), and ALK-Abelló; speaker’s bureau/honoraria and consulting fees from GSK, Merck & Co. Canada, Novartis, CSL Behring, Pfizer Canada, Sanofi Canada, AZ, Takeda, Teva, Pediapharma (Medexus), Mylan, AbbVie, Sanofi, Aimmune, Regeneron, Aralez (Miravohealth), Bausch Lomb, Avir Pharma; serves on the Scientific Advisory Committee on Respiratory and Allergy Therapies (Health Canada), with Food Allergy Canada, Asthma Canada, board of directors with Canadian Hereditary Angioedema Network (CHAEN), and the Allergy Asthma & Immunology Society of Ontario (AAISO); GL has received consultancy and/or speaker fees from Takeda, CSL Behring, BioCryst, KalVista, and is a member of CHAEN; ASK received honoraria from CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst; GLS is a medical advisor for Novartis Pharmaceuticals and CSL Behring; has also been contracted for research by Amgen, Aimmune Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, DBV Technologies, Leo Pharma, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Innovaderm Research Inc., Escient Pharmaceuticals, CSL Behring, Kalvista Pharma, Pharvaris and Aslan Pharmaceuticals; HK has been a medical lecturer and/or has participated in advisory boards for ALK-Abelló, AstraZeneca, Bausch Health, CSL Behring, GSK, Miravo, Novartis, Medexus, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, Valeopharma; is an Associate Professor at Western University and an Assistant Clinical Professor at McMaster University; serves as Editor-in-Chief of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology; HC has been contracted for research by Sobi, Alexion, Sanofi, Takeda, CSL-Behring, Kalvista, Pharvaris, has received consultancy and/or speaker fees from Takeda, CSL Behring, BioCryst, Novartis, Pharming, and is a board member of CHAEN; HAGM participated in advisory board for CSL Behring; CK has received speaker/consultancy fees from CSL Behring and Takeda; AA reports consulting fees and honararia from BioCryst, Covis Pharma, CSL-Behring, and Takeda and clinical trial support from Astria, BioCryst, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Kalvista, Octapharma, and Pharvaris, outside of the submitted work; BY, MFD, NT, and RES are employees of Cencora, Innomar Strategies, Inc; MM, HM, and AM are employees of CSL Behring Canada Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada; PKK has been a speaker, advisory board member, or consultant for and has received honoraria from ALK- Abelló, AstraZeneca, Bausch, Bayer, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), Canadian Pharmacists Association (CPA), CSL Behring, GSK, Medexus Pharmaceuticals Inc., Merck & Co., Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda/Shire, and Valeo; has received research grants from CSL Behring and Takeda/Shire; serves as a medical advisor (volunteer) for Hereditary Angioedema Canada, a patient organisation; serves as a board member (volunteer) for the CHAEN, a physician organisation; and is an employee of McMaster University.