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Article History

Received: 2 May 2025

Accepted: 24 May 2026

First Online: 24 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study was carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

Consent for publication: Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Competing interests: MM has received personal fees/non-financial support from Argo, Astria, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., CSL Behring, Ionis/Otsuka, Intellia, KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Octapharma, Pharvaris, and Shire/Takeda. EAP has received grants from CSL Behring and Takeda and consulting fees from CSL Behring, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., KalVista Pharmaceuticals, and Pharvaris; has received speaker fees from CSL Behring, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Centogene, Pharming, and Takeda; and has received fees as an advisor for Astria, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., BioMarin Europe, Centogene, CSL Behring, Intellia, KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Pharming, Pharvaris, and Takeda. JG has received speaker/consultancy fees and funding to attend conferences/educational events from CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., KalVista Pharmaceuticals, and Otsuka. He has participated as an investigator (PI/SI) in a clinical trial/registry for CSL Behring, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pharvaris, and Takeda. AR has received funding, sponsorship, and consultancy fees from companies producing treatments for hereditary angioedema, including Takeda, CSL Behring, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pharming Group, and others. PSR has received personal fees/non-financial support from BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., CSL Behring, KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Octapharma, Pharvaris, and Shire Takeda. IMS has received speaker/consultancy fees and funding to attend conferences/educational events from CSL Behring, Takeda, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Octapharma, Pharvaris, and KalVista Pharmaceuticals. She has participated as an investigator (PI/SI) in a clinical trial/registry for CSL Behring, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pharvaris, Octapharma, KalVista Pharmaceuticals, and Takeda. DC is employed by Research Partnership. TR and SP are employees of and may own stock/have stock options in BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc. LS and DL declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.