Williams, Zachary J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7646-423X
Gotham, Katherine O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-5544
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH113576)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32-GM007347)
Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (F30-DC019510)
Article History
Received: 14 October 2020
Accepted: 19 February 2021
First Online: 2 March 2021
Change Date: 12 August 2021
Change Type: Clarification
Change Details: Editor's Note: Readers are informed that the revised manuscript referred to in the retraction notice for this article is now published at
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00463-5
Change Date: 30 May 2021
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00446-6
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: All participants gave informed consent for participation in the study. All procedures in the SPARK sample were approved by the institutional review board at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and the Human Penguin Project was approved under an “umbrella” ethics proposal at Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, and separately at each contributing site. All study procedures complied with the ethics code outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: ZJW serves on the family advisory committee of the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network Vanderbilt site and the autistic researcher review board of the Autism Intervention Network for Physical Health (AIR-P). ZJW also serves as a consultant to Roche. KOG has no competing interests.