Santoro, Jonathan D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-8234
Silverman, Mackenzie
Kazerooni, Lilia
Otey, Samuel T.
Lucas, Maeve C.
Yousuf, Mariam M.
Koshnood, Mellad M.
Spinazzi, Noemi A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-7670
Quinn, Eileen A. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0052-6498
Franklin, Catherine
Liu, Taryn R.
Jeste, Shafali S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2955-6902
Rafii, Michael S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2640-2094
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL155898)
AGAPE Foundation (n/a)
Byrne Family Foundation (n/a)
Article History
Received: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 28 January 2026
Change Date: 30 July 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-026-00733-0
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained for this study from the Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California (CHLA-20-00323). Upon obtainment of consent from caregivers and assent from participants (when clinically able), eligible individuals were prospectively enrolled into an observational longitudinal database study.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.