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Authors
Feng, Lin-sen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-9936
She, Si-rong https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3386-4807
Zhang, Yuan-yuan https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1608-4840
Xie, Jia-qi https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0102-2271
Dong, Zheng-jiao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0997-5595
Tang, Ai https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0215-449X
Li, Yin-zhu
Wu, Xiao-qian
Yang, Qing
Wang, Hao-yu https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5683-9943
Wang, San-bin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4802-0292
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Program of Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (QN202214)
National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates (202410678049)
Special Funding Program for Young Talents’ Research Projects in Yuxi City
Kunming Medical University Student Innovation Experimental Program.
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Article History
Received: 3 April 2025
Accepted: 6 June 2025
First Online: 27 June 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Approval No. 2024 kmykdx6f014). This investigation was executed fully with the Declaration of Helsinki and within the authorization’s validity period. Participants were not offered any form of compensation to encourage their involvement in the study. The questionnaire design meticulously avoided questions perceived as discriminatory or offensive, ensuring it did not provoke physical discomfort or psychological stress among respondents.
: At the beginning of the survey, participants were presented with an informed consent document, and they had to electronically sign a consent form before proceeding with the questionnaire. Individuals had the right to withdraw from the research without any penalty. No personal data such as names, contact information, residential or employment addresses were collected to protect participant anonymity and confidentiality.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
