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Authors
Wen, Yanhua
Mahmoud, Menna Allah
Wu, Wensheng
Chen, Huicong
Zhang, Yingying
Pan, Xiaohuan
Guan, Yubao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0171-3662
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272080)
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Article History
Received: 8 November 2024
Accepted: 28 September 2025
First Online: 17 October 2025
Declarations
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: Our trial protocol conforms to the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the Ethics Review Committees of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guilin People’s Hospital, and the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. The approval numbers are KY01-2022-02-14, 2024-195KY, and (MER) 2017-38, respectively.
: Because of the retrospective nature of the study, the need for informed consent was waived by the institutional review board.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
